الحوار الحضاري The Civilizational Dialogue
إن الأرض ليست بها شعوب متحضرة وفقط، بل شعوب غير متقدمة علي المستوي التكنولوجي والأكاديمي، وقبائل بدائية واحياناً بربرية وشعوب أصلية ، وكل هؤلاء يعيشون في بوتقة واحدة تسمي العالم، وبما ان علم النفس يثبت لنا أنه ما اجتمع (اثنان) في مكان لمدة تزيد عن ثلاثة أيام إلا وكان هناك سبب للإختلاف، فما بالنا بالمليارات التي تعيش علي نفس الكوكب ، وأنت أيضاً خبير أن القتال كانت بدايته فكرة عند أحدهم أنك ستسلبه حق من حقوقه، بدأت بقكرة وانتهت بدماء وأشلاء، لذا الحوار مهم جداً للسلام العالمي ومهم جداً لإيخاء الشعوب مع بعضها البعض ولا ينبغي لأحد أن يرفض الحوار بحال من الأحوال، لأن علم النفس يكشف لنا أنه كلما تكلم الإنسان اخرج عقله الاواعي، والنقاش يفعل ذلك بسهولة ويسر، ولا يخاف النقاش إلا من كانت حجته هشة وضعيفة ، فما أهمية حوار الحضارات وما شروطه وما هي أهم المواضيع التي تطرح لترقي ان تكون حوار بين الحضارات، ربما اجبنا عن كل هذه الأسئلة أو بعضها من خلال هذا المقال.. لنبدأ
تعريف حوار الحضارات
آلية تبادل دول وشعوب العالم آرائها ومشكلاتها، وتعيين حلولٍ لهذه المشكلات، ومن ثم تطبيق القرار الذي ترى أغلب المجتمعات والشعوب بصحته حيث إن لكل مجتمع حضارته الخاصة، وبالتالي فإن له مشاكله الخاصة به، إلّا أن المجتمعات بطبيعتها ليست بمعزل عن بعضها البعض، فكل حضارة تؤثر وتتأثر بغيرها، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى حدوث مشاكل مشتركة بينها، وهو ما يطلق عليها المشاكل العالمية، فكان من الحوار الحضاري والذي تقوم المجتمعات على أسسه أن يساهم في حل مثل تلك المشكلات والوصول إلى القرار السليم بصددها
شروط الحوار الحضاري الجيد
توازن وتكافؤ القوى المتحاورة
فلكي يكون الحوار متاحاً يجب أن يتحقق التكافؤ بين الأطراف المتحاورة، وعلى الطرف الضعيف أن يتجاوز ضعفه ويحقق التوازن مع الطرف الآخر حتى يكونا متقاربين في المستوى. والجدير بالذكر أن التكافؤ لا يتم قياسه اعتماداً على معيار سياسي، أو اقتصادي، أو عسكري، وإنما يُقاس ما قدمه كل طرف للحضارة الإنسانية، وبما ساهم به كل طرف في تنمية المجتمعات وتحقيق الإنجازات فيها
اسكتشاف الأطراف المتحاورة لبعضها البعض
حيث إنه لكي يتحقق الهدف من الحوار بين الحضارات لا بد أن يكتشف كل طرف الآخر ويقف على موقعه من حيث العطاء، واستيعاب المفاهيم الحضارية ومختلف التجارب التاريخية، بالإضافة إلى مدى استيعابه وتفهمه لقضية التعايش السلمي، ومعرفة القيم الدينية التي يقوم عليها، والأنماط الاجتماعية السائدة، كما يجب معرفة مدى فاعلية الحوار الحضاري وما ينتج عنه من ثمار مفيدة لكلا الطرفين.
الاحترام المتبادل
ويتمثل الاحترام المتبادل بين الأطراف المتحاورة على تجنب إنقاص أحد الأطراف من قيمة الطرف الآخر، كما أنه يجب عدم سعي كل منهما إلى فرض السيطرة والهيمنة على الطرف الآخر وإرهابه بأي وسيلة كانت، كما يجب على كل من الطرفين احترام نفسه وتفاعله بشكل إيجابي في المجتمع، والحفاظ على تراثه وذلك لكي تقوى هيبته في نفوس الأطراف الأخرى وبالتالي احترامه وإعلاء شأنه
تحقيق الهدف المرجو من الحوار
يجب على كل طرف من الأطراف المتحاورة أن يعرف الهدف المقصود من عملية الحوار، وما يتصل بهذا الهدف من ارتباطات، فلكي يكون الحوار إيجابياً وحقيقياً يجب أن يحقق الهدف المقصود كتعارف الثقافات على بعضها البعض، وتشارك المعرفة، وبناء علاقات حرفية وإيجابية بين الطرفين، أو لتبادل وجهات النظر حول قضية معينة يهدف كل طرف من الأطراف إلى حلها وحسمها، والجدير بالذكر تحديد الهدف والسعي لتحقيقه والذي من شأنه أن يجعل من الحوار عملية إيجابية.
البحث عن مواطن الاتفاق
إن بدء الحديث والحوار بمواطن الاتفاق طريق إلى كسب الثقة وفشوٍّ روح التفاهم. ويصير به الحوار هادئا وهادفا. والحديث عن نقاط الاتفاق وتقريرها يفتح آفاقا من التلاقي والقبول والإقبال، مما يقلل الجفوة ويردم الهوّة ويجعل فرص الوفاق والنجاح أفضل وأقرب، كما يجعل احتمالات التنازع أقل وأبعد، والحال ينعكس لو استفتح المتحاورون بنقاط الخلاف وموارد النزاع، فذلك يجعل ميدان الحوار ضيقا وأمده قصيرا، ومن ثم يقود إلى تغير القلوب وتشويش الخواطر، ويحمل كل طرف على التحفّز في الرد على صاحبه متتبعا لثغراته وزلاته، ومن ثم ينبري لإبرازها وتضخيمها، ومن ثم يتنافسون في الغلبة أكثر مما يتنافسون في تحقيق الهدف.
أولاً: الفكر الغربي لحوار الحضارات
( حوار الحضارات في فلسفة روجيه جارودي ) مسلم فرنسي- سنكتب سبب إسلامه في آخر المقال
من ناحية التطور والنماء في التنمية وعلى الصعيد
الاقتصادي
يعتبر غارودي أن حوار الحضارات يولد مشروع كوني يتسق مع
اختراع المستقبل، وذلك ابتغاء أن يخترع الجميع مستقبل الجميع، وهذا المشروع الكوني
هو مشروع أمل على السلم العالمي.
وأما على الصعيد
السياسي
فإن حوار
الحضارات يعمل على الانتقال من الديمقراطية التمثيلية إلى ديمقراطية المشاركة،
ويمنح السياسة بُعدا جديدا. كما أن هذا المشروع يعمل على العلاقة بالآخر، وعلاقة
بالكل ويُبعد عزلة الأنا.
وعلى الصعيد
الثقافي
يعمل مشروع حوار
الحضارات على الانفتاح على الثقافات في جميع المجالات.
ثانياً: رؤية الإسلام لحوار الحضارات
قرآن ذا صلة بحوار الحضارات
قال تعالي
سبب إسلام روجيه جارودي
فيلسوف وكاتب فرنسي، اعتنق الإسلام سنة 1982 وسمي باسم
رجاء غارودي، ويذكر في سيرته أن سبب إسلامه أنه عندما كان سجينا في سجن بولاية
الجلفة جنوب الجزائر، من قبل الألمان وكان برفقة عدد من المناضلين في السجن وعددهم
500 مناضلا، وقاموا بعصيان وهو القيام بمظاهرة على شرف رفقائهم من قدامى المتطوعين
في الفرق الدولية الاسبانية، فطلب منهم قائد السجن التوقف فورا والعودة إلى الخيام
وأنذرهم ثلاثا ولكنهم رفضوا طلبه وواصلوا عصيانهم، فأمر قائد السجن حاملي السلاح
(الرشاشات) وكانوا جزائريين من جنوب الجزائر مسلمين أن يطلقوا النار عليهم، فلم
يفعلوا ذلك ورفضوا، وهددهم قائد السجن إن لم يطلقوا النار عليهم بسوط مصنوع من طنب
البقر ولكن واصلوا رفضهم ولم يلبوا أمره في إطلاق النار عليهم. وعلى أثر هذا
الموقف أخذ روجيه غارودي يسأل عن سبب رفض الجزائريين المسلمين لإطلاق النار عليهم،
فعلم أنه ينافي شرف محارب من الجنوب أن يطلق رجل مسلح النار على رجل أعزل. ومن هذه
التجربة وبعد إطلاق سراحه من السجن في الجزائر ثم من تونس، بدأ بدراسة الإسلام
ونشر سنة 1945 في الجزائر رسالة أولى بعنوان: إسهام الحضارة العربية التاريخي في
الحضارة العالمية، وتمّ ترجمة النص إلى اللغة العربية
مؤلفات روجيه جارودي
ولروجيه غارودي العديد من المؤلفات التي ألفها قبل إسلامه وبعد إسلامه، ومن الكتب التي ألفها قبل إسلامه كتاب حوار الحضارات (حوار الحضارات – في سبيل حوار الحضارات)
The Earth does not only have civilized peoples, but also peoples who are not advanced on the technological and academic level, primitive tribes, sometimes barbaric, and indigenous peoples, and all of these live in one melting pot called the world, and since psychology proves to us that no two people meet in one place for more than three days without there being a reason for disagreement, so what about the billions who live on the same planet, and you are also an expert that the fight began with an idea in someone’s mind that you would deprive him of one of his rights, it began with an idea and ended with blood and dismemberment, so dialogue is very important for world peace and very important for the brotherhood of peoples with each other, and no one should reject dialogue under any circumstances, because psychology reveals to us that the more a person speaks, the more he brings out his conscious mind, and discussion does this easily and simply, and no one fears discussion except the one whose argument is fragile and weak, so what is the importance of the dialogue of civilizations, what are its conditions, and what are the most important topics that are raised to advance to be a dialogue between civilizations, perhaps we have answered all these questions or some of them through this article.. Let’s begin
The Definition of Dialogue of Civilizations
A mechanism for the world's nations and peoples to exchange their views and problems, identify solutions to these problems, and then implement the decisions deemed appropriate by most societies and peoples. Each society has its own civilization, and therefore its own problems. However, societies, by their very nature, are not isolated from one another. Each civilization influences and is influenced by others, leading to common problems, which are called global problems. Thus, the dialogue of civilizations, upon which societies are built, contributes to resolving such problems and arriving at sound decisions regarding them.
The Importance of Intercultural Dialogue
Intercultural dialogue exchanges ideas, values, and experiences, which enhances their ability to adapt to global changes. This cultural exchange contributes to building bridges of trust and mutual respect, which is a strong foundation for achieving peace and stability.
Intercultural dialogue discovers what they have in common, despite their apparent differences.
These commonalities can serve as a starting point for cooperation in various fields such as the economy, education, and the environment, enhancing opportunities for sustainable development.
Enhance individuals' ability to think critically and be open to new ideas.
When individuals are exposed to different viewpoints, they become better able to analyze information and make informed decisions. This type of thinking enhances societies' ability to innovate and solve problems in creative ways, contributing to social and economic progress.
Encourage mutual learning.
When individuals learn about other cultures, they gain a deeper understanding of the history, values, and traditions that shape those cultures. This understanding enhances individuals' ability to interact positively with others and reduces the likelihood of conflicts arising from cultural misunderstandings. In addition, mutual learning fosters respect for cultural diversity and encourages acceptance of others as they are, without trying to change them or impose certain values on them.
The Conditions for a Good Civilizational Dialogue
The Balance and Equivalence of the Dialogue's Powers
For dialogue to be possible, there must be parity between the parties involved. The weaker party must overcome its weakness and achieve balance with the other party so that they are on a par. It is worth noting that parity is not measured by political, economic, or military standards, but rather by what each party has contributed to human civilization and the achievements they have made in developing societies.
The Discovery of Each Other by the Dialogue
In order to achieve the goal of dialogue between civilizations, each party must discover the other and understand its contribution, grasp civilizational concepts and various historical experiences, as well as the extent of its understanding of the issue of peaceful coexistence, and be aware of the religious values upon which it is based and the prevailing social patterns. It is also necessary to understand the effectiveness of civilizational dialogue and the beneficial outcomes it produces for both parties.
The Mutual Respect
Mutual respect between the parties involved in a dialogue involves avoiding diminishing the value of one party over the other. Neither party should seek to impose control, domination, or intimidate the other by any means. Each party must respect itself, interact positively within society, and preserve its heritage. This strengthens its prestige in the hearts of the other parties, and consequently, enhances its respect and status.
The Achieving the Intended Goal of Dialogue
Each party involved in a dialogue must understand the intended goal of the dialogue process and the connections related to this goal. For a dialogue to be positive and authentic, it must achieve the intended goal, such as cultural acquaintance, knowledge sharing, building professional and positive relationships between the two parties, or exchanging views on a specific issue that each party aims to resolve and resolve. It is worth noting that defining the goal and striving to achieve it will make the dialogue a positive process.
Searching for Areas of Agreement
Beginning a conversation and dialogue with areas of agreement is a path to gaining trust and fostering a spirit of understanding. This will make the dialogue calm and purposeful. Discussing points of agreement and reporting them opens up horizons of convergence, acceptance and acceptance, which reduces estrangement, bridges the gap and makes the chances of reconciliation and success better and closer, as well as making the possibilities of conflict less and more remote. The situation is reversed if the dialogue participants begin with points of disagreement and sources of conflict, as this makes the field of dialogue narrow and its duration short, and thus leads to changing hearts and confusing minds, and makes each party eager to respond to the other, tracking down his shortcomings and mistakes, and then rushing to highlight and exaggerate them, and then they compete to prevail more than they compete in achieving the goal.
First: Western Thought of the Dialogue of Civilizations
(Dialogue of Civilizations in the Philosophy of Roger Garaudy) French Muslim - We will discuss the reason for his conversion to Islam at the end of the article.
In terms of development and growth in economics,
Garaudy believes that the Dialogue of Civilizations generates a universal project consistent with the invention of the future, with the goal of everyone inventing the future for everyone. This universal project is a hopeful project for world peace.
On the political level,
The Dialogue of Civilizations works to transition from representative democracy to participatory democracy and gives politics a new dimension. This project also works on the relationship with others, the relationship with all, and eliminates the isolation of the ego.
On the cultural level,
The Dialogue of Civilizations project works to open up to cultures in all fields.
Second: Islam's View of the Dialogue of Civilizations
The Quran Related to the Dialogue of Civilizations
God Almighty says:
﴿ ادْعُ إِلَىٰ سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ ۖ وَجَادِلْهُم بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ ۖ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ﴾[ النحل: 125]
“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided.” [An-Nahl: 125]
O Messenger, invite yourself and those who follow you to the religion of your Lord and His straight path, using the wise method that God has revealed to you in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Address people in a manner appropriate to them and offer them good advice. Encourage them to do good and repel them from evil. Argue with them in the best ways of argument, with kindness and gentleness. You only have to convey the message, and you have conveyed it. As for guiding them, that is up to God alone. He knows best who has strayed from His path, and He knows best who is guided.
A Look at the Holy Verse
The Call to the Way of your Lord
So, this is not your choice, but rather an obligation. As for the Way of your Lord, it should not be for your own benefit or advantage—this is how it should be. If you do have a benefit, you do not seek it, so we consider it (this is the urgent good news for the believer).
With Wisdom
Wisdom in the Arabic language refers to the piece of iron placed in the mouth of a horse and the bridle placed on it to restrain the rider from his horse's recklessness, as horses are known for their recklessness. Thus, we summarize wisdom as: placing the right thing in the right place at the right time. It reduces the chances of error and repetition and shortens the path for those who learn it. So, calling to God Almighty is the first thing He began with, asking us to call with wisdom. Do not tell a disbeliever, "You are a disbeliever," in his face, and do not exalt your faith over a disbeliever or feel that you are better than him. You simply do not know. He could be the believer of the Pharaoh's family who is concealing his faith of today.
And Good Advice
My dear: Do you know the difference between admonition and advice? A admonition is what reminds you of the consequences such as (heaven - hell - failing if you do not study .. etc.) and it does not matter if you do or do not. As for advice, it is said "This is fatherly advice - this is motherly advice .. etc." That is, advice that comes from the heart and you would very much like to be taken into account. When Allah the Almighty asked you to call people to believe in Him, He did not ask you for advice. Advice is heavy, so do not send it like a mountain as they say. Not all people like it when someone talks like he is a spiritual father or as if he is a holy person who does not make mistakes, so they become arrogant with this tone. So what? What remains is good admonition, that is, rational speech. Our master Ali ibn Abi Talib - the cousin of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Address people according to their levels of knowledge. Do you like that Allah and His Messenger would be accused of lying? Any Muslim who is zealous for his religion would not like to be accused of lying to God and His Messenger, therefore, one of the requirements of "good preaching" is that your speech should address the mind to the mind, not what God said or what the Messenger said. If someone is in front of you who does not believe in God or the Messenger, you must know who you are talking to and their mentality. Let your goal be like Imam al-Shafi'i, may God have mercy on him, who said, in effect: "I have never entered a debate intending to be the victor."
And argue with them in the best way. The Arabs say: "Only those with great minds can debate." Therefore, whoever turns the tables on you or begins to insult or harm you in one way or another, know that he is not one of those with great minds. When God Almighty commanded you with these three commandments (wisdom, good preaching, and arguing in the best way), He did not demand them in detail. Instead, he asked you to follow them in a hierarchical order, or use each of them according to your understanding of the person in front of you (the one debating you). Therefore, do not argue if you are not an expert in the subject you are arguing about on behalf of God Almighty. Argument should be conducted in the best manner, without arrogance. Vote, no cursing, no demolishing the beliefs of those in front of you. These are cold wars that should not be waged. Therefore, this noble verse that we are about to discuss requires a great soul from Muslim scholars, great or small. It does not matter as long as you have abundant knowledge and wisdom in using it.
God Almighty said:
﴿ وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ۖ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ، إِلَّا مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ ۚ وَلِذَٰلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ ۗ ..
“And if your Lord had willed, He could have made mankind one community; but they will not cease to differ, except whom your Lord has given mercy. And for that He created them.”
And if your Lord had willed, He could have made all mankind one community following one religion, which is the religion of Islam. But He, glory be to Him, did not will that, and people will continue to differ in their religions. This is what His wisdom requires. Except for those upon whom your Lord has mercy, who believe in him and follow His messengers. They do not differ in their belief in the Oneness of God and in what the messengers brought from God. His wisdom, glory be to Him, dictated that He created them as different groups: one group is miserable and the other is happy, and each is facilitated for what he was created for.
A Look at the Noble Verse
And if your Lord had willed, He could have made mankind one community.
But He did not will it, and the matter ended. He created anything in our current era, assuming it was through genetic engineering. What do scientists think? Is the original copy easier, or is copying and pasting easier? Of course, what we call "copy-paste" is easier, isn't it? If God had willed, He would have made people equal in appearance, height, color, religion, age, etc. But life would not remain boring unless there was modification, improvement, and enhancement, as in Paradise. The West says: Diversity is prosperity, and they are right: the diversity of colors, shapes, and everything else is a sign of abundance and ability. If some colors had not interbred with others that were different from them, the best colors in the world would not have come from humans, animals, and even plants.
And they are alwyas different
Imagine you are in a vast garden and all you see is red roses. For a moment, you will love this sight, but after a while, you will hate it with all your heart. People love diversity in everything. Difference is sometimes a blessing because it creates creativity. Thinking about why you are different from me and I am different from you creates innovation, expands the circle of knowledge, makes brainstorming not just a choice, etc. Before creating mankind, God Almighty wanted them to be different. So why do you hate difference? Even if you, as a Muslim, do not hate those who are different from you, then why do you, the non-Muslim who is reading this, hate me because I am a Muslim? Difference is not a call for hatred, and it should not be.
Except for those whom your Lord has mercy on
So some people will agree, and this is a mercy from God Almighty, due to the strength of unity, the absence of intellectual differences, the absence of conflict, etc. The meaning of "except" is exception, and exceptions are always and forever few.
That is why God Almighty created them.
God Almighty, in His loftiness and also in His closeness to us, wants this. He wants your difference from others and others' difference from you, to test us with each other. We are here for dialogue, to acquire cultures, to get to know each other. Yesterday, we memorized in the mosques that we did not come to this world except for worship, and with this thought, they deprived us of the idea that we came to populate it. God Almighty says (...and settled you therein), and we also came to get to know each other. God Almighty says, "...that you may know one another." ﴿O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you [a people] into a people of two kinds. “Peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.” [Al-Hujurat: 13] So imagine that we did not create civilized peoples and sometimes barbaric tribes except to know one another. We never forget that we came for worship, but with it for development and with it for getting to know one another. We will never forget that.
The examples of topics for dialogue among different civilizations
The Climate change
and its impact on forced displacement, climate injustice, and the responsibility of developed countries for what has happened to environmentally fragile countries, as human rights and a key demand of the United Nations for sustainable development.
The Terrorism
As you know, terrorism means: you terrorize others with your power. Terrorism begins with an idea, then the transmission of this idea to others until someone adopts it and a terrorist product is born. Dismantling terrorist ideas is a key requirement in the dialogue among civilizations.
The Economic Crises
What creates economic crises? Who is responsible for them? Who must rescue nations and peoples from their economic crises? Where is the savior, so to speak? Are people the ones who can rescue them from economic crises? Is it the case that countries are flooded with micro-projects, or is it government investment in so-called public services? Or is it that no one can save societies if they are drowning in debt? The dialogue among civilizations facilitates the exchange of valuable information from developed countries to environmentally fragile countries.
The Reason Roger Garaudy Converted to Islam
A French philosopher and writer, he converted to Islam in 1982 and was given the name Raja Garaudy. His biography states that the reason for his conversion to Islam was when he was imprisoned in a prison in the Djelfa province, southern Algeria, by the Germans. He was accompanied by a number of 500 other activists. They staged a riot, staging a demonstration in honor of their fellow veteran volunteers in the Spanish International Legion. The prison commander asked them to stop immediately and return to their tents, and gave them three warnings. However, they refused and continued their rebellion. The prison commander then ordered the machine gun-wielding men, who were Muslim Algerians from southern Algeria, to shoot them. They refused and refused. The prison commander threatened them with a whip made from a cow's thorn if they did not shoot them. However, they continued to refuse and refused his order to shoot them. Following this stance, Roger Garaudy began to question the reason for the Algerian Muslims' refusal to shoot them. He learned that it was dishonorable for a southern warrior to shoot an unarmed man. From this experience, after his release from prison in Algeria and then Tunisia, he began studying Islam and published his first treatise in 1945 in Algeria, entitled: The Historical Contribution of Arab Civilization to World Civilization. The text was later translated into Arabic.
Roger Garaudy's Works
Roger Garaudy authored numerous works before and after his conversion to Islam. Among his pre-Islamic books is Dialogue of Civilizations (Dialogue des Civilizations – On the Path to a Dialogue of Civilizations).
Comments
Post a Comment